Laser treatment works by emitting a concentrated beam of light that targets specific cells or tissues. The energy from the light is absorbed by target areas, such as pigment in the skin or hair follicles, causing them to heat up and be destroyed or modified without harming surrounding tissues.

The level of discomfort varies depending on the type of laser treatment and the individual's pain tolerance. Many laser treatments are minimally painful and may only require a topical anesthetic. However, some procedures might involve more discomfort.

While generally safe, risks can include redness, swelling, blistering, changes in skin color, scarring, and, in rare cases, infection. The risk level can depend on the specific treatment, the area being treated, and the patient's skin type.

Recovery time varies widely depending on the type of laser treatment. Some cosmetic procedures may have minimal downtime, allowing patients to return to daily activities almost immediately, while more intensive treatments may require several weeks of healing.

The number of sessions needed varies based on the treatment goals and the condition being treated. Some treatments, like certain cosmetic procedures, may require multiple sessions to achieve the desired outcome, while others, like specific medical applications, might see results after just one session.