The primary cause of both BCC and SCC is long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or from artificial sources like tanning beds. Other factors can include fair skin, a history of sunburns, a weakened immune system, and exposure to certain chemicals.

BCC typically appears as a painless raised area of skin that may be shiny with small blood vessels over it and usually does not spread. SCC is more likely to feel like a firm red nodule or a flat sore with a scaly crust and can spread to other parts of the body.

Early detection involves regular skin examinations for any new growths, changes in existing moles or spots, or any skin changes that do not heal. Dermatologists can perform a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment options may include surgical excision, Mohs surgery (especially for SCC or facial BCC), cryotherapy, topical treatments, radiation therapy, and in some cases, targeted therapy or immunotherapy for advanced SCC.

While not all cases can be prevented, risk reduction strategies include avoiding excessive sun exposure, using sunscreen with a high SPF, wearing protective clothing, avoiding tanning beds, and regular skin checks by a healthcare professional to catch any changes early